Amateka yiterambere yimpapuro yerekana ibicuruzwa

Nkibicuruzwa byingenzi byerekana ibicuruzwa no kwamamaza ibicuruzwa muri societe yubu, ibicuruzwa byerekana impapuro bifite amateka maremare.Uyu munsi, nzamenyekanisha amateka yiterambere ryibicuruzwa byerekana ibicuruzwa.

Mubyukuri, abantu bahimbye impapuro mumyaka 2000.Usibye kuba umutwara wingenzi wo kohereza amakuru, impapuro zifite kandi umurimo wingenzi, ni ukuvuga gupakira.

Ibipapuro bipfunyika ni ibicuruzwa bipfunyika hamwe nimpapuro hamwe nibikoresho byingenzi.Ibicuruzwa birimo impapuro zirimo amakarito, amakarito, imifuka yimpapuro, imiyoboro yimpapuro, hamwe nimpapuro;impapuro zometseho amagi, ibipapuro bipfunyika mu nganda, impapuro, impapuro zirinda impapuro nibindi bikoresho byo gupakira impapuro cyangwa ibikoresho byo gupakira imbere: ikarito ikarito, ikarito yubuki nizindi mbaho;n'impapuro za sasita ya sasita, ibikombe by'impapuro, amasahani hamwe nibindi bikoresho byo kumeza.Nkibikoresho fatizo byibicuruzwa byimpapuro, impapuro namakarito bikoreshwa muburyo bwo gupakira nabyo biri mubyiciro byo gupakira ibicuruzwa.

Gukora impapuro byatangiye bwa mbere mu ngoma ya Han yo mu Burengerazuba, nk'uko “Hanshu.“Ubuzima bwa Mugabekazi Zhao wa Xiaocheng” bwanditse ko “hari agace k'imiti kizingiye mu gitebo n'igitabo cyanditswe na He hoof”.Inyandiko ya Ying Shao yagize ati: “Ibinono na byo ni binini kandi impapuro nto”.Nibintu byambere byanditse byimpapuro mubwami bwiburengerazuba bwa Han.Kubera ko impapuro zo mu Bwami bwa Western Han zari imbonekarimwe kandi zihenze ku buryo zitakoreshwa cyane muri kiriya gihe, impapuro z'imigano zidoda zari zikiri ibikoresho by'ingenzi byo kwandika icyo gihe, biragaragara rero ko impapuro icyo gihe zidashobora gukoreshwa ku bwinshi nka ibikoresho byo gupakira.Mu mwaka wa mbere wa Yuanxing mu ngoma ya Han yo mu Burasirazuba (AD 105) ni bwo Shangfang yategetse Cai Lun gukora “impapuro za Caihou” zihendutse ashingiye ku ncamake incamake y'ibyababanjirije, kandi impapuro nk'intambwe nshya yo gupakira. ku cyiciro cyamateka.Nyuma yaho, nyuma yo kugaragara ku icapiro ry’ibiti mu ngoma ya Tang, impapuro zarushijeho gutezwa imbere nko gupakira, kandi amatangazo yoroshye, imiterere n'ibimenyetso byatangiye gucapishwa ku mpapuro zipakira ibicuruzwa.Amakarito akunze kugaragara muri societe ya none yagaragaye mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19.Amerika, Ubwongereza, Ubufaransa n'ibindi bihugu byatangiye guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rya karito.Ahagana mu 1850 ni bwo umuntu wo muri Amerika yahimbye amakarito yikubye hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga ribyara umusaruro., ikora rwose impapuro ibikoresho byingenzi byinganda zipakira.

Hamwe niterambere ryibihe na societe, gukenera impapuro nkibikoresho byo gupakira biriyongera.Dukurikije imibare y’inganda zikora impapuro ku isi mu 2000, impapuro zipakira hamwe namakarito byari 57.2% byibicuruzwa byose byimpapuro.Dukurikije imibare y’ishyirahamwe ry’impapuro z’Ubushinwa, mu 2000, 2001 na 2002, ikoreshwa ry’impapuro zipakira hamwe n’ikarito mu gihugu cyanjye ryagize 56.9%, 57.6% na 56% by’ibicuruzwa byose by’impapuro, bikaba bisa na rusange inzira y'isi.Amakuru yavuzwe haruguru yerekana ko hafi 60% yumusaruro wimpapuro ngarukamwaka ku isi ukoreshwa nko gupakira.Kubwibyo, gukoresha cyane impapuro ntibikiri bitwara amakuru muburyo bwa gakondo, ahubwo nkibikoresho byo gupakira.

Gupakira ibicuruzwa byimpapuro nimwe mubikoresho byingenzi bipakira, bikoreshwa cyane mugupakira ibiryo, ubuvuzi, inganda zimiti, ibikoresho byubwubatsi, ibikoresho byo murugo, ibikinisho, amashanyarazi, ibikoresho bya IT, imyenda, ububumbyi, ubukorikori, kwamamaza, inganda za gisirikare nibindi byinshi ibindi bicuruzwa.gufata umwanya wingenzi muri

Mu kinyejana cya 21, impapuro zahindutse ibikoresho byingenzi mu nganda zipakira.Mu bikoresho bitandukanye byo gupakira bikoreshwa ku isi, impapuro n'impapuro byagize uruhare runini, bingana na 35,6% by'agaciro kasohotse.Mu gihugu cyanjye, nkibikoresho byingenzi byinganda zipakira, mbere ya 1995, ibikoresho byo gupakira impapuro byari ibikoresho bya kabiri bipfunyika nyuma yo gupakira plastike.Kuva mu 1995, umusaruro w’ibicuruzwa bipfunyika impapuro wiyongereye buhoro buhoro, urenga plastiki, kandi uba ibikoresho binini bipakira mu gihugu cyanjye.Kugeza 2004, ikoreshwa ry'impapuro zipakira mu gihugu cyanjye ryageze kuri toni miliyoni 13.2, bingana na 50,6% by'umusaruro wose, urenga umubare w'ibikoresho byo gupakira ibirahuri, ibyuma na plastiki.

Impamvu ituma ibikoresho gakondo bipfunyika impapuro byagaruye umuvuduko witerambere mumyaka mike kandi bigahinduka ibikoresho binini bipfunyika biterwa nuko guhuza neza nibicuruzwa bipfunyika impapuro ubwabyo, kandi cyane cyane, ibibazo byo kurengera ibidukikije.Bitewe no kubuza ibicuruzwa bya pulasitike no gukurura isoko ry’umuguzi kubicuruzwa bitangiza ibidukikije, ibikoresho byimpapuro nibikoresho byujuje neza ibisabwa na "gupakira icyatsi".